У прес-клубі Дніпропетровської обласної організації НСЖУ 15 травня 2012 року відбулась презентація дослідження Міжнародної фінансової корпорації (IFC) «Інвестиційний клімат в Україні: яким його бачить бізнес», 2011 (ґрунтується на опитуванні власників і керівників 1636 компаній, а також 415 приватних підприємців).
Результати, отримані внаслідок реалізації проекту, учасникам прес-клубу представили Сергій Глущенко, радник з правових питань проекту Міжнародної фінансової корпорації (IFC) «Інвестиційний клімат в Україні», та Вікторія Тетьора, аналітик IFC. Мета дослідження – оцінити вплив деяких регуляторних процедур на умови ведення бізнесу в Україні та на інвестиційний клімат країни взагалі. За отриманими результатами було проведено аналіз змін, що відбулися за останні кілька років, у впровадженні дозвільної реформи, реформуванні системи державного контролю та системи технічного регулювання.
За презентованими даними Україна посідає 152 місце серед 183 країн світу в рейтингу Doing Business 2012, який є показником сприятливості інвестиційного клімату. При цьому такий «високий» показник досягнуто завдяки 24 місцю щодо можливості отримання кредитів (бо майже всі банки в країні належать іноземцям) та 44 позиції стану виконання контрактів.
У той же час по кількості і складності сплати податків Україна впевнено займає 181 місце, а по умовах отримання дозволів на будівництво – 180-те.
Головними перешкодами для покращення розвитку підприємництва в Україні дослідники з Міжнародної фінансової корпорації вважають обтяжливу систему дозволів, державний контроль та технічне регулювання з боку держави. На дотримання цих регуляторних процедур за оцінками IFC у 2010 році бізнес витратив біля 7,2 млрд. грн., що є еквівалентом вартості праці 195 тисяч осіб протягом року в Україні.
Найактивнішими контролюючими органами в Україні є податкова служба, пожежники та СЕС.
До обговорення презентованих даних залучились присутні на заході журналісти, представники бізнес-асоціацій та підприємців, Так, Володимир Дон, голова Дніпропетровської обласної спілки союзу юристів України, голова ради підприємців при Дніпропетровській ОДА, академік, доктор наук, погодився, що в Україні ніби то намітилась тенденція покращення бізнес-середовища, але якщо подивитись на дані інших країн, то ні. Вірно визначені причини, які не дозволяють підвищити рейтинг нашої країни. Головна, на думку Володимира Йосиповича, з якою погодились усі учасники зустрічі, – корупційна система. «Ми також проводили дослідження стосовно перевірок. Цікаві цифри хочу вам назвати: лише у 7 відсотках зі 100% виявлених порушники були притягнуті до відповідальності за усіма правилами; десь у 45% випадків – «приходили до консенсусу», тобто розмір штрафу зменшувався, а інспектор отримував «винагороду»; майже 47% порушників улагоджували справу, давши «хабар» перевіряючому», – додав юрист.
Начальник Управління регуляторної політики та підприємництва Дніпропетровської міської ради Микола Шевченко зауважив, що недосконалість українського законодавства також створює певні перешкоди для успішного розвитку бізнесу в Україні. Хоча на сьогоднішній день у «єдиному офісі» черг немає, все ж у той час, коли весь світ користується електронними системами, у нас досі вимагають додавати запис ще й у журнал реєстрації…
«Україна почала демонструвати позитивні ознаки створення сприятливих умов для зростання бізнесу та поліпшення інвестиційного клімату. Проте ці позитивні кроки були знівельовані незадовільною реалізацією реформ, – зазначають автори дослідження. – Допоки рівень виконання законодавства в країні не зросте, Україна ризикує залишитись у категорії «країн з потенціалом» і пасти задніх серед більш активних і орієнтованих на реформи економік».
Довідково:
Дослідження підготовлене за результатами опитування 415 підприємців — фізичних осіб та керівників 1636 підприємств — юридичних осіб, яке проводилося в березні — квітні 2011р. в усіх областях України та Автономній республіці Крим. Попереднє подібне дослідження було проведено проектом IFC у 2009 р. за результатами 2008р.
Міжнародна фінансова корпорація (IFC) «Інвестиційний клімат в Україні», член Групи Світового банку, є найбільшим глобальним інститутом розвитку, що фокусує свою діяльність виключно на приватному секторі. Протягом 14 років IFC працює в Україні над покращенням бізнес-середовища та інвестиційного клімату, плідно співпрацюючи з багатьма державними та приватними установами в Україні, а також із численними міжнародними організаціями. Проект IFC «Інвестиційний клімат в Україні» впроваджується за підтримки Канадського агентства з міжнародного розвитку (CIDA), Агентства з міжнародного розвитку та співробітництва Королівства Нідерландів (EVD), Шведського агентства з міжнародної співпраці та розвитку (Sida) та Швейцарської конфедерації через Державний секретаріат Швейцарії з економічних питань (SECO).
Дніпропетровська обласна організація Національної спілки журналістів
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Статистика щодо притягнення порушників до відповідальності свідчить про системну проблему вибіркового правозастосування, коли неофіційні домовленості та хабарництво стають домінуючою практикою, що гальмує конкурентний розвиток бізнесу й негативно впливає на міжнародний рейтинг країни.
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